FORM FOUR CHEMISTRY SYLLABUS
- General Chemical Properties of Non Metals
- Explain the oxidizing properties of non-metals
- Describe the displacement of non-metals by another non-metal from a compound
- Chlorine
- Describe the chemical properties of chlorine
- Explain the uses of chlorine
- Hydrogen Chloride
- Prepare a dry sample of hydrogen chloride gas
- Explain the properties of hydrogen chloride gas
- Explain the uses of hydrogen chloride
- Sulphur
- Describe the extraction of sulphur from natural deposits
- Explain the properties of sulphur
- Explain the uses of sulphur
- Sulphur Dioxide
- Describe the properties of sulphur dioxide
- Explain the uses and hazards of sulphur dioxide
- Sulphuric Acid
- Describe the contact process for the manufacture of sulphuric acid
- Explain the properties of sulphuric acid
- Explain the uses of sulphuric acid
- Nitrogen
- Prepare a sample of nitrogen in the laboratory
- Explain the uses of nitrogen
- Ammonia
- Prepare a dry sample of ammonia gas in the laboratory
- Describe the properties of ammonia
- Explain the Uses of Ammonia
- Carbon
- Name the forms in which carbon exists
- Describe allotropic forms of carbon
- Carbon Dioxide
- Prepare a dry sample of carbon dioxide gas in the laboratory
- Analyse the properties of carbon dioxide
- Explain the uses of carbon dioxide
- Introduction to Organic Chemistry
- Distinguish organic from inorganic chemistry
- Explain the importance of organic chemistry in life
- Explain the origin of organic compounds
- Describe the fractional distillation of crude oil
- Hydrocarbons
- Classify the three families of hydrocarbons
- Write the homologous series of the three families of hydrocarbons
- Explain the concept of isomerism
- Write structural formulae of all isomers of hydrocarbons up to five carbon atoms
- Name the isomers of hydrocarbons up to five carbon atoms
- Apply a general formula to identify the families of hydrocarbons
- Properties of Hydrocarbons
- Explain the physical properties of lower hydrocarbons; alkanes, alkenes and alkynes
- Explain the concept of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons
- Compare the chemical properties of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes
- Alcohols
- Prepare ethanol in the laboratory
- Write the homology of alcohols up to five carbon atoms
- Write structure of all isomers of saturated alcohols up to five carbon atoms
- Name all isomers of alcohols up to five carbon atoms
- Describe the properties of alcohol
- Explain the uses of alcohol
- Explain the harmful effects of alcohols
- Carboxylic Acids
- Identify natural sources of organic acids
- Explain the oxidation of ethanol to ethanoic acid
- Write the structures of the homologues of carboxylic acids up to five carbon atoms
- Name the isomers of carboxylic acids up to five carbon atoms
- Explain the properties of carboxylic acids
- Prepare soap from animal fats or vegetable oil
- Soil Formation
- Describe soil formation
- Describe the factors influencing soil formation
- Soil Reaction
- Explain the concept of soil reaction
- Measure the pH of a given soil sample
- Manage the soil pH by using different liming materials
- Plant Nutrients in The Soil
- Categorize the essential plant nutrients
- Explain the functions of each of the primary macronutrients in plant growth
- Prepare plant nutrient cultures in the laboratory
- Manage the loss of plant nutrients from the soil
- Manures and Fertilizers
- Prepare heap and pit compost manure
- Explain the advantages and disadvantages of natural manures
- Mention types of synthetic fertilisers used in Tanzania
- Explain the concept of fertiliser grades and analysis
- Identify methods of fertilizer application
- Explain the advantages and disadvantages of artificial fertilizers as compared to natural manures
- Soil Fertility and Productivity
- Explain the concept of soil fertility and soil productivity
- Differentiate soil fertility form soil productivity
- Explain the factors which determine fertility and productivity of the soil
- Explain the causes of loss in soil fertility
- Concept of Pollution
- Explain the concept of pollution
- Terrestrial Pollution
- Explain the concept of terrestrial pollution
- Identify human activities which cause terrestrial pollution
- Identify hazards caused by terrestrial pollution
- Suggest different methods of preventing terrestrial pollution
- Aquatic Pollution
- Explain the concept of aquatic pollution
- Identify human activities which cause water pollution
- Identify the hazards which are caused by water pollution
- Suggest ways of preventing water pollution
- Aerial Pollution
- Explain the concept of aerial pollution
- Identify human activities which cause aerial pollution
- Identify hazards caused by aerial pollution
- Suggest different methods of preventing air pollution
- Identify safety measures to protect industrial workers from gaseous pollution
- Environmental Conservation
- Explain the meaning of environmental conservation
- Demonstrate right attitudes, values,and behaviours towards environmental conservation
- Global Warming
- Explain the global warming in terms of ‘green house’ effect
- Describe how the major “greenhouse” gases are produced
- Describe climatic conditions caused by global warming
- Suggest ways of preventing global warming
- Ozone Layer Destruction
- Explain the meaning of ozone layer and its importance of to life on earth
- Identify chemical substances which destroy the ozone layer
- Suggest methods of protecting the ozone layer
- The Concept of Qualitative Analysis
- Explain the meaning of qualitative analysis
- State the importance of qualitative analysis in real life
- Qualitative Analysis Procedures
- Use special apparatus for qualitative analysis
- Carry out preliminary test on an unknown sample
- Prepare stock solutions from soluble and insoluble salts
- Precipitate insoluble salts from their solutions
- Confirm cations and anions identified